Whose innovation is evident in this 1881 illustration? Powell sought to build international support for the controversial U.S invasion of Iraq in 2003, delivering a divisive speech to the United Nations regarding that countrys possession of weapons material that was later revealed to be based on faulty intelligence. There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunesUnder its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. Their aim was to capture enough ammunition to lead a large operation against Virginias slaveholders. D.13th Amendment The railroads provided jobs for settlers. They increased the personal freedoms of enslaved African Americans. How was the tragedy at Wounded Knee related to the Ghost Dance? (1 point) A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. Their growing influence greatly dismayed many white southerners, who felt control slipping ever further away from them. Just as Browns courage turned thousands of previously indifferent northerners against slavery, his violent actions convinced slave owners in the South beyond doubt that abolitionists would go to any lengths to destroy the "peculiar institution. Rumors spread of other planned insurrections, and the South reverted to a semi-war status. "I Will Fight No More Forever": Chief Joseph How did Gustavus Swift's introduction of refrigeration to the meat packing industry change food and ranching in the United States? In a televised ceremony on July 2, 1964, Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act into law using 75 pens; he presented one of them to King, who counted it among his most prized possessions. Never brought to justice, Bryant and Milam later shared vivid details of how they killed Till with a journalist for Look magazine, which published their confessions under the headline The Shocking Story of Approved Killing in Mississippi.. After 1619, when a Dutch ship brought 20 Africans ashore at the British colony of Jamestown, Virginia, slavery spread quickly through the American colonies. They were established as a step toward legal freedoms for African Americans. The white protective societies that arose during this periodthe largest of which was the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)sought to disenfranchise Black voters by using voter suppression and intimidation as well as more extreme violence. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. How did the Radical Republican Reconstruction plan affect life in South Carolina? Pan-Africanist ideas first began to circulate in the mid-19th century in the United States, led by Africans from the Western Hemisphere. What did the Thirteenth Amendment do? Building rail lines created thousands of jobs. Throughout his long career, Jackson has inspired both admiration and criticism for his tireless efforts on behalf of the Black community and his outspoken public persona. Lakota leaders such as Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse rejected the reservation system. On December 1, 1955, an African American woman named Rosa Parks was riding a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama when the driver told her to give up her seat to a white man. Celebrated for her ability to talk candidly about a wide range of issues, Winfrey spun her talk show success into a one-woman empireincluding acting, film and television production and publishing. Steelworkers turned millions of tons of iron into steel for tracks and engines. to the end [result] that oppression, injustice, and poverty shall eventually cease in the land. The New Yorker.The Hashtag Black Lives Matter. Though President Abraham Lincolns antislavery views were well established, and his election as the nations first Republican president had been the catalyst that pushed the first southern states to secede in late 1860, the Civil War at its outset was not a war to abolish slavery. From the same prolific [producing a lot of something] womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classestramps and millionaires. His play caught the attention of Branch Rickey, general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, who had been considering bringing an end to segregation in baseball. In the summer of 1964, civil rights organizations including the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) urged white students from the North to travel to Mississippi, where they helped register Black voters and build schools for Black children. How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation? Quickly encircled by their enemy, the five companies [groups of soliders] under Custer's immediate command were slaughtered in less than an hour. It allowed any man to vote if he had an ancestor who could vote in 1867. Adding that detail would reveal something about her. D)started getting paid by planters. Caught on videotape by an onlooker and broadcast around the world, the beating inspired widespread outrage in the citys African American community, who had long condemned the racial profiling and abuse its members suffered at the hands of the police force. After Robinsons historic breakthrough, baseball was steadily integrated, with professional basketball and tennis following suit in 1950. Although railroads caused certain problems, they also made possible the rapid growth of industry after 1865. Specifically, it banned literacy tests as a requirement for voting, mandated federal oversight of voter registration in areas where tests had previously been used and gave the U.S. attorney general the duty of challenging the use of poll taxes for state and local elections. One of its most eloquent voices was William Lloyd Garrison, a crusading journalist from Massachusetts, who founded the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator in 1831 and became known as the most radical of Americas antislavery activists. Found guilty, King immediately appealed the decision. Lasting roughly from the 1910s through the mid-1930s, the period is read more, The New York City neighborhood of Harlem was the center of a cultural explosionfrom late 1910s through the mid-1930s. There was a flip side to this greater exposure, however: Emerging Black writers relied heavily on white-owned publications and publishing houses, while in Harlems most famous cabaret, the Cotton Club, the preeminent Black entertainers of the day played to exclusively white audiences. Then-candidateJoe Biden had nominated Harris in August 2020 during the Democratic partys remote national convention. C) In the, A. D.the give me liberty or death speech Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellow citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts. Du Bois, for one, railed against Van Vechtens novel and criticized works by Black writers, such as McKays novel Home to Harlem, that he saw as reinforcing negative stereotypes of Black people. A - no. Though many protesters were arrested for trespassing, disorderly conduct or disturbing the peace, their actions made an immediate impact, forcing Woolworthsamong other establishmentsto change their segregationist policies. Ranching is common in temperate, dry areas, such as the Pampas region of South . Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? One of the most influential individuals in entertainment and the first Black female billionaire, Winfrey is also an active philanthropist, giving generously to Black South Africans and to the historically Black Morehouse College, among other causes. How did the use of horses change the way American Indians hunted? -J.P. Morgan West Virginia, carried wounded crew members to safety and manned a machine gun post, shooting down several Japanese planes. to encourage Native Americans to adopt the ways of Americans. What negative impact did gold and silver mining have in the West? They chose exile and abandoned the state for nine years, making periodic trips back to visit family while trying to avoid being detected. The Black Lives Matter movement gained renewed attention on September 25, 2016, when San Francisco 49ers players Eric Reid, Eli Harold, and quarterback Colin Kaepernick kneeled during the national anthem before the game against the Seattle Seahawks to draw attention to recent acts of police brutality. 2. After assisting in the Underground Railroad out of Missouri and engaging in the bloody struggle between pro- and anti-slavery forces in Kansas in the 1850s, Brown grew anxious to strike a more extreme blow for the cause. Blues singer Bessie Smith, pianist Jelly Roll Morton, bandleader Louis Armstrong, composer Duke Ellington, dancer Josephine Baker and actor Paul Robeson were among the leading entertainment talents of the Harlem Renaissance, while Paul Laurence Dunbar, James Weldon Johnson, Claude McKay, Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston were some of its most eloquent writers. W.E.B. Two people were killed and close to 200 injured in the ensuing chaos, which ended only after President Kennedys administration sent some 31,000 troops to restore order. After his retirement from the military in 1993, many people began floating his name as a possible presidential candidate. Oliver Brown, the lead plaintiff in the case, was one of almost 200 people from five different states who had joined related NAACP cases brought before the Supreme Court since 1938. At the time, interracial marriage was illegal in Virginia and the newly-wed couple was guilty of breaking the law. The University of California at Davis, for example, designated 16 percent of its medical schools admissions spots for minority applicants. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? We believe that the power of governmentin other words, of the peopleshould be expanded . Which of the following contributed MOST to the growth of the Cattle Kingdom? The early abolition movement in North America was fueled both by enslaved people's efforts to liberate themselves and by groups of white settlers, such as the Quakers, who opposed slavery on religious or moral grounds. 4. In the wake of the Bakke verdict, affirmative action continued to be a controversial and divisive issue, with a growing opposition movement claiming that the so-called racial playing field was now equal and that African Americans no longer needed special consideration to overcome their disadvantages. A.Free slave Bill to ensure a complex business ran smoothly. In 1923, the U.S. government successfully prosecuted and convicted Garvey for mail fraud in connection with selling stock in his Black Star Line shipping company. READ MORE: Harriet Tubman: 8 Facts About the Daring Abolitionist. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? After the American Revolution, many colonistsparticularly in the North, where slavery was relatively unimportant to the agricultural economybegan to link the oppression of enslaved Africans. President John F. Kennedy first used the phrase in 1961, in an executive order calling on the federal government to hire more African Americans. The Tuskegee Airmen saw combat against German and Italian troops, flew more than 3,000 missions, and served as a great source of pride for many Black Americans. When once we encourage such a system, it is equivalent to admitting our incompetency [inability] for self-government and our inability to seek better conditions. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. Letter from a Birmingham Jail was published in the national press even as images of police brutality against protesters in Birminghamincluding children being attacked by police dogs and knocked off their feet by fire hosessent shock waves around the world, helping to build crucial support for the civil rights movement. . . The product of an interracial marriagehis father grew up in a small village in Kenya, his mother in KansasObama grew up in Hawaii but discovered his civic calling in Chicago, where he worked for several years as a community organizer on the citys largely Black South Side. Du Bois met at Niagara Falls, Canada, sparking a new political protest movement to demand civil rights for Black people in the old spirit of abolitionism. Many demanded that the unpopular L.A. police chief, Daryl Gates, be fired and that the four officers be brought to justice for their use of excessive force. Some also cite environmental issues, tax and budget matters, or political processes like voting rights and gerrymandering. In the passage Gompers explains the need for. Over the next few years, SNCC broadened its influence, organizing so-called Freedom Rides through the South in 1961 and the historic March on Washington in 1963; it also joined the NAACP in pushing for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Thousands of mourners attended, and Jet magazine published a photo of the corpse. High out-of-wedlock birth rates, absent fathers, and the lack of a family support network for many young African-Americans have led to serious problems in America's urban areas. All four officers involved in the incident were fired. to encourage American Indians to become farmers. Clashes ensued between the Panthers and police in California, New York and Chicago, and in 1967 Newton was convicted of voluntary manslaughter after killing a police officer. Disintegration of family structures in the African-American community has been a persistent problem for far too long. Carl Iwasaki/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images. A native of Connecticut, John Brown struggled to support his large family and moved restlessly from state to state throughout his life, becoming a passionate opponent of slavery along the way. The act also guaranteed equal voting rights by removing biased registration requirements and procedures and authorized the U.S. Office of Education to provide aid to assist with school desegregation. Many were recent immigrants. African. The right should be exercised with caution and self restraint; but it should exist, so that it may be invoked if the need arises. How is Judith Templeton depicted? successful at negotiating for shorter hours. D. The laws required that. She claimed she never expected to win the nomination. He was later forced to call off the guard, and in the tense standoff that followed, TV cameras captured footage of white mobs converging on the Little Rock Nine outside the high school. Suddenly, there was no lack of educated, upwardly mobile, family-oriented Black characters for TV viewers to look to, both in fiction and in life. 3.Which battle did Lincoln use to take action against slavery? In another history-making appointment, Condoleezza Rice, Bushs longtime foreign policy adviser and the former head of the National Security Council, succeeded Powell, becoming the first African American woman to serve as secretary of state. Thanks to the campaign of nonviolent resistance championed by Martin Luther King Jr. beginning in the late 1950s, the civil rights movement had begun to gain serious momentum in the United States by 1960. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. Which idea does this passage express? The result was the Voting Rights Act, which Congress passed in August 1965. Which change led to the end of open ranching in the west? After a few weeks, employers met union demands for better pay and shorter hours. Although railroads caused certain problems, they also made possible the rapid growth of industry after 1865. His trial brought national attention to the organization, which at its peak in the late 1960s boasted some 2,000 members. By 1885, most southern states had laws requiring separate schools for Black and white students, and by 1900, persons of color were required to be separated from white people in railroad cars and depots, hotels, theaters, restaurants, barber shops and other establishments. His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster. B. African American students are more likely to be placed in a separate school or correctional, established in March 1863 established in April 1862 applied to white men aged 20 to 45 applied to white men aged 18 to 35 (later expanded to men aged 17 to 50) avoidable by paying the, 1. Despite the efforts of the ILGWU and other labor groups, most women with factory jobs did not join unions. In 1926, a controversial bestseller about Harlem life by the white novelist Carl von Vechten exemplified the attitude of many white urban sophisticates, who looked to Black culture as a window into a more primitive and vital way of life. 3. to the end [result] that oppression, injustice, and poverty shall eventually cease in the land. regulating railroad rates to help farmers. Davis, claiming that his grades and test scores were higher than those of minority students who were admitted and accusing UC Davis of reverse discrimination. In June 1978, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of strict racial quotas was unconstitutional and that Bakke should be admitted; on the other hand, it held that institutions of higher education could rightfully use race as a criterion in admissions decisions in order to ensure diversity. While its original mission was to protect Black people from white brutality by sending patrol groups into Black neighborhoods, the Panthers soon developed into a Marxist group that promoted Black Power by urging African Americans to arm themselves and demand full employment, decent housing and control over their own communities. Though it was difficult to enforce from state to state, especially with the growth of abolitionist feeling in the North, the law helped enshrine and legitimize slavery as an enduring American institution. by economic cooperation and joint political action, The failure of reforms designed by the United States to help Native Americans was primarily a result of. His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster. 2. I thought 5 was A but if not A, then D? As such, the ruling provoked serious resistance, including a Southern manifesto issued by southern congressmen denouncing it. Yes. Which of the following MOST helped railroads improve their efficiency? (b) Why is the formation and movement of the mud especially strange? In October 1995, hundreds of thousands of Black men gathered in Washington, D.C. for the Million Man March, one of the largest demonstrations of its kind in the capitals history. In the Brown decision, Chief Justice Earl Warren famously declared that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Though the Courts ruling applied specifically to public schools, it implied that other segregated facilities were also unconstitutional, thus striking a heavy blow to the Jim Crow South. Most were subject to special taxes. According to thenSNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael, who first popularized the term Black Power in 1966, the traditional civil rights movement and its emphasis on nonviolence, did not go far enough, and the federal legislation it had achieved failed to address the economic and social disadvantages facing Black Americans. According to the schools \underline{\text{}}monthly newsletter, an open meeting of the debate club is held \underline{\text{}}monthly. 4.The Union victory at Antietam allowed Lincoln a position ins trength. A. only in confederate territory Du Bois, became a leading voice in the growing Black protest movement during the first half of the 20th century. Ferguson shooting victim Michael Brown. Let your reader hear how people talk. Members of the St. Louis Cardinals even threatened to strike if Robinson played; baseball commissioner Ford Frick settled the question by threatening to suspend any player who went on strike. What social trend caused the demand for beef to rise immediately following the Civil War? The 13th Amendment, adopted late in 1865, officially abolished slavery, but the question of freed Black peoples status in the postwar South remained. The Emancipation Proclamation prohibited slavery and recognized that African Americans should enjoy constitutional freedom like other Americans. The organizations believed the participation of white students in the so-called Freedom Summer would bring increased visibility to their efforts. The summer had barely begun, however, when three volunteersMichael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman, both white New Yorkers, and James Chaney, a Black Mississippiandisappeared on their way back from investigating the burning of an African American church by the Ku Klux Klan. These hard workers rode alongside the huge herds in good and bad weather. What invention supported the car industry? 130130130). Most were denied the right to vote. Though he largely stayed out of the political spotlight after stepping down, Powell remained an admired figure in Washington and beyond. A.regretfullb In this excerpt, Terence Powderly is trying to separate the Knights of Labor from the actions of anarchists in, In the text, you read this about the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union: Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? What factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership? At its conclusion, King quoted an old Negro spiritual: Free at last! The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. The ILGWU was notable because it was. Garvey appealed to the racial pride of African Americans, exalting blackness as strong and beautiful. Cities in the East and West increased in population. D.Vicksburg You can ask a new question or browse more History questions. In Regarding the Pain of Others, Susan Sontag says of war, We do not and cannot imagine what it was like, how dreadful or terrifying it was, how normal it becomes. How might Sadiq be regarded as a response to Sontags statement? Sun-dried bricks are called justekst\underline{\phantom{\text{justekst}}}justekst. In 1962, however, a crisis erupted when the state-funded University of Mississippi (known as Ole Miss) admitted a Black man, James Meredith. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. It allowed meat to be shipped long distances. Despite Martin Luther King Jr.s inspiring words at the Lincoln Memorial during the historic March on Washington in August 1963, violence against Black people in the segregated South continued to indicate the strength of white resistance to the ideals of justice and racial harmony King espoused. Based on the account of Mrs. Berger, the transcontinental railroads.. Why would it be important for railroads to use strong management techniques? With the onset of the Great Depression, as organizations like the NAACP and the National Urban League switched their focus to the economic and political problems facing Black Americans, the Harlem Renaissance drew to a close. Those early voices for Pan-Africanism emphasized the commonalities . READ MORE:Mildred and Richard: The Love Story that Changed America. More than 3 million Black Americans would register for service during the war, with some 500,000 seeing action overseas. Kings assassination, along with the killing of Malcolm X three years earlier, radicalized many moderate African American activists, fueling the growth of the Black Power movement and the Black Panther Party. Preamble to the Platform of the Populist Party How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation? They further agreed to give up their nomadic life, which often brought them into conflict with other tribes in the region, with settlers, and with railroad surveys. The Voting Rights Act sought to overcome the legal barriers that still existed at the state and local levels preventing Black citizens from exercising the right to vote given them by the 15th Amendment. Parks refused and was arrested for violating the citys racial segregation ordinances, which mandated that Black passengers sit in the back of public buses and give up their seats for white riders if the front seats were full. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. B.14th Amendment While much of the South rejoiced, seeing the verdict as a clear victory, antislavery northerners were furious. gave equal voting rights to all abolished slavery *** ended the use of poll tax outlawed school segregation 3. On March 21, after a U.S. district court ordered Alabama to permit the Selma-Montgomery march, some 2,000 marchers set out on the three-day journey, this time protected by U.S. Army troops and Alabama National Guard forces under federal control. Miners sweated in dusty mine shafts digging coal to fuel railroad engines. John Brown was hanged on December 2, 1859. However, it is estimated that nearly one in three cowhands was either Mexican American or African American. A. It opened up national markets for selling and obtaining resources and helped lower costs of production. Though the verdict was hailed as a major civil rights victoryit was the first time anyone in Mississippi had been convicted for a crime against a civil rights workerthe judge in the case gave out relatively light sentences, and none of the convicted men served more than six years behind bars. Between 1860 and 1890, the miles of railroad track interlacing the U.S. increased ninefoldfrom 30,000 miles to 270,000 miles, and the population leapt from 31,000,000 to over 76,000,000 . It allowed meat to be shipped long distances. C.Fredericksburg What workers' issue most prompted protest in this era? After marching from the Washington Monument, the demonstrators gathered near the Lincoln Memorial, where a number of civil rights leaders addressed the crowd, calling for voting rights, equal employment opportunities for Black Americans and an end to racial segregation. The laws gave African Americans land or farms. What negative impact did gold and silver mining have in the West? Which was the main reason for the slow growth of labor unions in the United States during the 19th century? The ILGWU became a key member of the AFL. Obamas appearances in both the primaries and the general election drew impressive crowds, and his message of hope and changeembodied by the slogan Yes We Caninspired thousands of new voters, many young and Black, to cast their vote for the first time in the historic election. Floyds killing came on the heels of two other high-profile cases in 2020. Mildred, however, spent three nights in a small womens cell and was released to her father. A - no The law did not give African Americans equal protection. In more than 100 cities, several days of riots, burning and looting followed his death. Born in Jamaica, the Black nationalist leader Marcus Garvey founded his Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) there in 1914; two years later, he brought it to the United States. Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map? He ran again in 1988 and received 6.6 million votes, or 24 percent of the total primary vote, winning seven states and finishing second behind the eventual Democratic nominee, Michael Dukakis. [It] is evident [obvious] that the state, and if necessary the nation, has got to possess the right of supervision and control as regards the great corporations which are its creatures; particularly as regards the great business combinations [corporations] which derive [develop] a portion of their importance from the existence of some monopolistic tendency [desire for no competition]. ** Which innovation does the photograph illustrate? Though it is impossible to give accurate figures, some historians have estimated that 6 to 7 million enslaved people were imported to the New World during the 18th century alone, depriving the African continent of its most valuable resourceits healthiest and ablest men and women. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map 4 The southern pacific railroad contributed to the growth of cities like San Francisco and los Angeles In Arkansas, Governor Orval Faubus made resistance to desegregation a central part of his successful 1956 reelection campaign. Congress required southern states to ratify the 14th Amendment and enact universal male suffrage before they could rejoin the Union, and the state constitutions during those years were the most progressive in the regions history. . READ MORE:How the Greensboro Four Sit-In Sparked a Movement. After Allan Bakke, a white California man, applied twice without success, he sued U.C. READ MORE: 7 Things You May Not Know About MLKs I Have a Dream Speech. On February 23, 25-year-old Ahmaud Arbery was killed while out on a run after being followed by three white men in a pickup truck. Garveys boast of 6 million followers in 1923 was probably exaggerated, but even his critics admitted that the UNIA had some 500,000 members. All Rights Reserved. According to the Court, Congress had no constitutional power to deprive persons of their property rights when dealing with enslaved people in the territories. -George Eastman Parks, a 42-year-old seamstress, was also the secretary of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP. More than 3 million Black Americans would register for service during the Civil War, with basketball! Medical schools admissions spots for minority applicants Chief Justice Earl Warren famously declared that educational! Of tons of iron into steel for tracks and engines and Jet magazine published a of. 7 Things You May not Know About MLKs i have a Dream Speech eventually cease in late... Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal womens cell and was released to her father national convention was in! 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