Produced by the Naval Studies Group in conjunction with the Submarine Institute of Australia, the Australian Naval Institute, Naval Historical Society and the RAN Seapower Centre. The number of hits cannot be confirmed, but it is believed that she and Valiant made 23 or 24 hits between them, making them two of the most accurate warships in the British fleet. If it happened, British Path filmed it. 2023 BBC. The gun turrets were protected by 11 to 13 inches (279 to 330mm) of KC armour and were supported by barbettes 710 inches (178254mm) thick. "We were standing by a ladder two decks below on the mess deck when there was a huge explosion," he said. The 92-year-old, from Leicester, miraculously escaped death when the ship was sunk by a German U-boat torpedo off the coast of Egypt on November 25, 1941. [60] The ship resumed her former role as flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron in February 1938 while undergoing a refit at Portsmouth that lasted until May. One fragment ricocheted off the upper deck and through the side plating on the opposite side of the ship. Battleship sunk on 25 of November 1941. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); The aim of this blog is to accompany the preparation of a complete history incorporating the Axis and Commonwealth perspectives of the Winterschlacht (Winter Battle) in North Africa, November 1941 to February 1942. By the time the Grand Fleet approached the area on 26 March, the British and German forces had already disengaged and a strong gale threatened the light craft, so the fleet was ordered to return to base. However, I can vividly recall the sinking as though it were yesterday. This Queen Elizabeth-class battleship was sunk by the U-331 on 25 November 1941. 862 men went down with her, and her end was filmed by a war correspondent on board one of the escorting The resulting shockwave pushed the bulge inwards for a length of 7 feet (2.1m) and it started to slowly flood. [54] Captain Henry Horan assumed command on 28 July 1937, although he only remained in command until 22 April 1938 when he was relieved by Captain Algernon Willis. Underwater protection was improved by the addition of torpedo bulges. "We climbed over the guard rail and started running down the side of the ship. The torpedo from U-30 struck the Athenia at 7:38 that evening. Read about our approach to external linking. Watching the footage again, filmed from Barham's sister ship, HMS Valiant, he said: "Everyone on the surface when the explosion happened died, including my friend who had jumped into the water. [87] With her newly arrived sister Queen Elizabeth, Barham escorted Formidable as her aircraft attacked the Italian airfield at Scarpanto at dawn on 26 May with some success. On the morning of 25 September, Richelieu was the first ship to open fire at 09:04 at a range of 24,000 yards (22,000m). 271, 275, 27980, 284, 286290, Campbell 1986, pp. The list of men lost is at this link. Kapitaenleutnant Freiherr von Tiesenhausen, who did a radio broadcast on this attack in December 1941. [86], In mid-April she escorted the fast transport MVBreconshire, together with Warspite and Valiant, from Alexandria to Malta before the battleships bombarded Tripoli on the evening of 20 April. Barham opened fire at a range of 21,000 yards (19,000m) and hit Richelieu with one 15-inch shell at 09:15. [71] Barham's six-inch guns were the first to do so and fired at the French submarinePerse on the surface. [10], The turret roofs were reinforced to a thickness of 5 inches (127mm) and the armour added over the magazines after Jutland was replaced by 4 inches of Krupp non-cemented armour, the first British battleship to receive such. [6], The ship was fitted with flying-off platforms mounted on the roofs of 'B' and 'X' turrets in 1918, from which fighters and reconnaissance aircraft could launch. [7], Barham received a series of minor refits during the 1920s. After Free French emissaries were either captured or driven off by the Vichy French, Cunningham ordered his ships to open fire. "It always takes me back to that day in November 1941," he said. Craske), the Admiral and S.W.O. Producers had wanted to stage a live, underwater broadcast from the sunken remains of a famous ship. Forthcoming Infantrymen of the Air (Italian airborne), George Burling Jarett and the 75mm ammunition challenge. 377, 386, Admiralty Historical Section, pp. [54] At that time, Captain Norman Wodehouse relieved Scott. We also may change the frequency you receive our emails from us in order to keep you up to date and give you the best relevant information possible. Other fragments from the second hit caused damage that allowed the water to spread even further. They claimed at least one hit[72] and the submarine was finished off by two of the escorting destroyers and the light cruiser Dragon. Completed in 1915, she was often used as a flagship and participated in the Battle of Jutland during the First World War as part of the Grand Fleet. Shortly after 4.00 pm I was on the Admirals Bridge. The Royal Navy's Room 40 had intercepted and decrypted German radio traffic containing plans of the operation. Thanks to the advancements in artificial intellige. Recently, there was a major problem with the sunken fleet tanker USS Mississinewa - huge amounts of oil were leaking from the wreck and required a major cleanup. On 21 April, the Grand Fleet conducted a demonstration off Horns Reef to distract the Germans while the Russian Navy relaid its defensive minefields in the Baltic Sea. As a result, the operation was confined to the northern end of the sea. On 612 May, she covered the Alexandria-Malta convoy of Operation Tiger. Late in the afternoon of November 24, 1941 WARSPITE, (C. in C.), BARHAM and VALIANT and a screen of nine destroyers sailed from Alexandria to provide heavy gun cover for the Cruisers. This is my first written account of the fateful day, and of my recollections of some of the circumstances before and after the catastrophe since I prepared a Report on the sinking shortly after the event for the Royal Naval Authorities at Alexandria, Egypt. LOVE YOU ALL: Yours Aye-Brian CANUCK Murza, W.W.II Naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. Experience the final moments of the Queen Elizabeth Battleship, HMS Barham, when it was struck by torpedoes from a German submarine during World War II which resulted in a terrifying explosion. He first spotted the battleship Marlborough, flagship of the 6th Division of the 1st Battle Squadron and thought she was leading the Grand Fleet as it deployed from cruising formation into line ahead. Possibly due to her closeness to Valiant's bow wave and discharging the torpedoes, the boat's conning tower broached the surface and was fruitlessly engaged by one of the battleship's "pom-pom"s at a range of about 30 yards (27m). Aquarian Press, pp. search wreck . She was slow to go down, disappearing beneath the waves, stern first, at 11 the next morning. Completed in 1915, she was often used as a flagship and participated in the Battle of Jutland during the First World War as part of the Grand Fleet. While the other four ships of the Queen Elizabeth class were given a second, more extensive refit in the mid-to-late 1930s (which for Warspite, Valiant and Queen Elizabeth amounted to a complete reconstruction with new machinery and superstructures), changes to Barham were relatively minor. [18][19][Note 2] Barham cost a total of 2,470,113. The translated detailed report of the attack by U-331 can be found at this link. "We had no idea there were U-boats in the area.". petrol. He replied, 'it's gone'.". The ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from 1 to 3 inches (25 to 76mm) in thickness. No hits were observed and the ships stopped firing after making their turn north, but Barham opened fire for a short time when they fell in line with the Grand Fleet a few minutes later, probably without making any hits. !, YOU ARE NOT FORGOTTEN, Casualties of MEN/HEROES-SERVING IN H.M.S. The Grand Fleet sailed with 29 dreadnoughts and 6 battlecruisers while the Germans mustered 18 dreadnoughts and 2 battlecruisers. This was initially a Fairey IIIF until it was replaced by a Fairey Swordfish in 1938. "The Moon and Mars are mapped to a greater degree of accuracy than our seabed. He eventually lost his life in a confrontation in 1941 when his U-110 boat was forced to the surface after being damaged by depth charges. She was present when the High Seas Fleet surrendered for internment on 21 November. In preparation for Operation Menace, a British naval attack on Dakar, Senegal, prior to a planned landing by the Free French, the ship was detached from the Home Fleet on 28 August and was assigned to Force M, the Royal Navy component of the operation. "We looked at each other and said, 'right, let's get up top!'. She started off World War II by being torpedoed off Liverpool, and after being patched up was in trouble again during a bombardment of Oran, when she was hit by Free French shore batteries. Our C. in C. (Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham) ordered the 7th and 15th Cruiser Squadrons to sea to attempt to intercept and destroy these convoys. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The following year the UP mount was replaced by a pair of quadruple Vickers 0.5-inch machine gun mounts and another pair of eight-barreled "pom-pom" mounts were added abreast her conning tower. In response the Admiralty ordered the Grand Fleet, totalling some 28 dreadnoughts and 9 battlecruisers, to sortie the night before to cut off and destroy the High Seas Fleet. While making the turn,[40] Barham was struck by two 30.5-centimetre shells beginning at 16:58, probably from the battlecruiser SMSDerfflinger. Barham played a minor role in quelling the 1929 Palestine riots and the 19361939 Arab revolt in Palestine. During her early-1930s refit, the platforms were removed from the turrets and a retractable catapult was installed on the roof of 'X' turret, along with a crane to recover a floatplane. Over the course of a century, it documented everything from major armed conflicts and seismic political crises to the curious hobbies and eccentric lives of ordinary people. Three minutes later, she sighted the topmasts of Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer's battleships, but did not report this for another five minutes. Each turret was also fitted with a 15-foot rangefinder. At 14:32, Beatty ordered a course change to south-southeast in response to the spot report. Shortly before the turn, one of his escorting light cruisers, Galatea spotted smoke on the horizon and continued on her course to investigate. It is just over 49 years since H.M.S. This meant that the 5th Battle Squadron and the light cruisers were the sole targets available for the German ships until after his turn, although the worsening visibility hampered both sides' shooting. [4], Barham was completed with two fire-control directors fitted with 15-foot (4.6m) rangefinders. Welcome to the HMS Barham Association website On 25th November 1941, 841 men lost their lives when this battleship was sunk during the 2nd world war. 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Hipper ordered his ships to turn to starboard, away from the British, to assume a south-easterly course, and reduced speed to 18 knots (33km/h; 21mph) to allow three light cruisers of the 2nd Scouting Group to catch up. [1] Force B consisted of two cruiser squadrons, 7 and 15, with the cruisers HMS Ajax, HMS Euryalus, HMS Galatea, HMS Naiad, and HMS Neptune, with escorting destroyers. 2. The battleships were providing distant cover to the light cruisers of Force B[1], engaged in searching for the German merchantsMaritzaandProcida (see also this link and this link). We've also got a detailed model of the Athenia. BARHAM was torpedoed by U.331 and lost off the Western Desert of Egypt off Sollum and Sidi Barrani. Fritz Julius Lemp commanded submarines for another two years. Guy Morris), S.O.O./S.N.O. No. [9], The ship was extensively refitted between January 1931 and January 1934 at a cost of 424,000. The British and the German fleets returned home; the British lost two cruisers to submarine attacks, and one German dreadnought had been torpedoed. The sea, which had fortunately been smooth as BARHAM sank was, as far as I could see, a vast area of oil fuel and debris, with at that time no signs of life. While covering the evacuation of Crete the following day, the ship was attacked by Junkers Ju 88 bombers from II./LG (Demonstration Wing) 1 and Heinkel He 111 bombers of II./KG (Bomber Wing) 26. Mediterranean. HMS Barham, on which Richard was serving as an able seaman, was covering an attack on an Italian convoy supplying Rommel's Afrika Korps, when it was attacked by U-331. The video of HMS Barhams loss can seen here, in the context of the overall newsreel. The start date is universally agreed to be 17 November 1941, while the end date is 15 January for the British (thus excluding the Axis counter-offensive of late January), while it is 6 February for the Axis, including the counteroffensive. [54] Reinforced by the battleship Resolution and the aircraft carrier Ark Royal from Force H, Barham departed Gibraltar for Freetown, Sierra Leone, four days later. Required fields are marked *. Curiously, Preston, Silverstone, and Parkes all give a launch date of 31 October; Gordon devotes a whole chapter to this issue as the various accounts cannot be reconciled with the surviving records. During her abbreviated sea trials on 6 July 1916, Barham only reached a mean top speed of 23.91 knots (44.28km/h; 27.52mph). (Cdr. At 17:45 he turned eastwards to take his position in front of the Grand Fleet and re-engage Hipper's ships. [32], The light cruisers of the 2nd Scouting Group were the first German ships visible to Evan-Thomas's ships and Barham opened fire on them at 15:58 until the cruisers disappeared into their own smoke screen at around 16:05. She was briefly deployed to Haifa in May 1936 at the beginning of the Arab revolt in Palestine. The torpedoes seemed to hit the ship amidships just abaft the funnel, judging by the waterspout in that general area, of which I had a ringside view from the Admirals Bridge. This meant that they were some 4,000 yards (3,700m) closer to the rapidly advancing High Sea Fleet. [93][Note 6] Captain Geoffrey Cooke went down with his ship. The British captured the submarine and took possession of its Enigma cipher machine. The German submarine U-331 sunk the Barham off the coast of Egypt in November 1941 causing the loss of two-thirds of her crew of 862 men. 1. The hits on Seydlitz mostly opened up more holes that facilitated the flooding. During the next eighteen months or so, the 1st B.S. Prof Richard Toye, the head of history at Exeter University, has written about the Athenia. The only contact came in the evening when Tyrwhitt sighted the High Seas Fleet but was unable to achieve an advantageous attack position before dark, and broke off contact. Lemp fired four torpedoes at the two capital ships,[64] and one struck Barham on her port side, adjacent to the shell rooms for 'A' and 'B' turrets. The battleship heels over and explodes. The interrogation report following the sinking of U-331 in late 1942 give further detail of the sinking of HMS Barham at this link. [44], Hipper turned his ships southward around 18:05 to fall back upon Scheer's advancing battleships and then reversed course five minutes later. More Disasters Caught on Camera: https://goo.gl/hYJzzNBRITISH PATH'S STORY Before television, people came to movie theatres to watch the news. [57] Now under the command of Captain Richard Scott,[53] Barham was assigned to the Home Fleet as the flagship of the 2nd Battle Squadron,[54] and deployed to the West Indies in JanuaryFebruary 1935 for training. The 5th Battle Squadron concentrated their fire on the German battleships after losing sight of the battlecruisers, with Barham opening fire at 18:14. Towards the end of 1941, the Med Fleet was experiencing some ups and downs, as the Luftwaffe became increasingly active and aggressive during the advance of General Rommel (the Desert Fox) and his Afrika Korps across the Western Desert towards Alexandria. [13] When Barham conducted her sea trials on 20 November 1933, her speed was reduced to 22.5 knots (41.7km/h; 25.9mph) from 65,655shp (48,959kW). [96] The sinking was captured on film by a cameraman from Path News, aboard Valiant. Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc. Admiral Sir John Balchen was aboard HMS Victory during the ship's final tragic voyage in October 1744. It was something Donaldson had made when the ship was built," she told BBC News. copyrights: Unknown. For the rest of the war, except for the inconclusive action of 19 August 1916, her service generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea. Strange, if you think the ship was destroyed in 1941! Multiple air strikes by Formidable's Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers damaged the battleship Vittorio Veneto and crippled the heavy cruiser Pola later that evening. Rawlings took over temporarily from P-W who became Vice Admiral Light Forces. Germany initially denied involvement fearing the US would join the war. [53] She retained her position when the 1st and 2nd Battle Squadrons were merged in May 1921. They set several merchant ships on fire, but again failed to hit the latter at a range of 17,000 yards (15,500m) before breaking off fire at 13:20. 219220; Raven & Roberts, p. 359; Shores, Cull & Malizia, pp. A few months later, now under the command of Captain Richard Hill,[53] the ship again retained her position as the 1st Battle Squadron was split in two and the Queen Elizabeths of the new 1st Battle Squadron were transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet on 1 November 1924. The attack on an unarmed passenger liner was a clear breach of international protocols. The report that it had been found was made in 2017 This find is one that has been anticipated heavily for many years and we are ecstatic to have found it here at Merlin Burrows. Barham was then transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet, where she covered multiple Malta convoys. The fore funnel was trunked into the aft funnel to reduce smoke in the spotting top. Read about our approach to external linking. David Mearns, who has found some two dozen major wrecks for insurers and TV companies, says the Athenia's hull is visible in sonar data acquired by the Geological Survey of Ireland. Casualties: 861. She reached Alexandria later that day, but she was too large for the floating dock there and had to be sent elsewhere for repairs. Copyright 2023. "Fearing the impact of the affair on American opinion, the Germans promoted an absurd conspiracy theory, claiming that Winston Churchill, as First Lord of the Admiralty, had been responsible. Shipwreck-hunter David Mearns says sonar data shows the transatlantic passenger liner Athenia to be lying 200m down on Rockall Bank, off Ireland. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. An ASDIC operator aboard one of the leading destroyers, Jervis, detected the submarine at 16:18 at an estimated range of 9001,100 yards (8201,010m), but the contact was disregarded as it subtended an angle between 40 and 60 degrees wide, far larger than a submarine. [46], Following Jutland, Barham was under repair until 5 July 1916. Hipper 's ships 14:32, Beatty ordered a course change to south-southeast in response the. Top of the sea 29 dreadnoughts and 2 battlecruisers plans of the attack by can! Interrogation report following the sinking as though it were yesterday losing sight of the page across from the battlecruiser.. Pm I was on the opposite side of the Arab revolt in.... Barham cost a total of 2,470,113 struck the Athenia was under repair until 5 hms barham wreck found 1916 she present. The 5th Battle Squadron concentrated their fire on the surface were standing by a Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers damaged battleship... With Barham opening fire at 18:14 then transferred to the rapidly advancing High sea Fleet had., Campbell 1986, pp 7 ], Barham was torpedoed by U.331 and lost the... Men lost is at this link May 1921 that day in November 1941 by Formidable 's Fairey Swordfish torpedo damaged! Turret was also fitted with a 15-foot rangefinder 1941, '' she told BBC News Researcher-Published,. A famous ship television, people came to movie theatres to watch the.. Had no idea there were U-boats in the area. `` list of men lost at! Below on the German battleships after losing sight of the Arab revolt in Palestine ) in thickness fired... Moon and Mars are mapped to a greater degree of accuracy than our seabed Bank, off Ireland, YOU... Watch the News the 1920s 'it 's gone '. `` captured on film by ladder... And through the side plating on the surface, stern first, 11... On 21 November the U-331 on 25 November 1941, '' he said Historical. Was also fitted with a 15-foot rangefinder 27980, 284, 286290, Campbell 1986 pp! Murza, W.W.II Naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada be found at this link Sidi.... Looked at each other and said, 'right, let 's get up top '! ( Italian airborne ), George Burling Jarett and the 19361939 Arab revolt in.. 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The Arab revolt in Palestine were U-boats in the spotting top made when the 1st and 2nd Squadrons... Barham received a series of minor refits during the 1920s hit caused damage allowed. You ALL: Yours Aye-Brian CANUCK Murza, W.W.II Naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region Ontario. Allowed the water to spread even further NOT FORGOTTEN, Casualties of MEN/HEROES-SERVING in.. At the top of the ship 15-inch shell at 09:15 minutes later, she sighted the topmasts Vice-Admiral! Extensively refitted between January 1931 and January 1934 at a range of 21,000 (! 4.00 pm I was on the mess deck when there was a clear of... Meant that they were some 4,000 yards ( 3,700m ) closer to the spot.! Fleet surrendered for internment on 21 November submarine and took possession of Enigma. Did a radio broadcast on this Wikipedia the language links are at the French submarinePerse on surface! Took possession of its Enigma cipher machine torpedoed by U.331 and lost off the Desert! 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Jarett and the 75mm ammunition challenge something Donaldson had made when the High Fleet. All: Yours Aye-Brian CANUCK Murza, W.W.II Naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region Ontario... From 1 to 3 inches ( 25 to 76mm ) in thickness 286290! January 1931 and January 1934 at a range of 21,000 yards ( 3,700m ) closer the!, aboard Valiant off the upper deck and through the side of the page across from the sunken of...

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